Oral health and physical performance in Asian military males: The cardiorespiratory fitness and health in armed forces.

Background/purpose: It is unclear about whether the oral health has impact on physical performance. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between oral health and physical performance in 300 military adults in Taiwan. Materials and methods: Oral health was assessed by the presence of periodontitis and dental caries. The status of cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance capacity was respectively assessed by tertiles of time for a 3000-m run and 2-min push-up numbers. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses with adjustments for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, blood pressure, anthropometric variables, lipid profile, fasting glucose and physical activity were used to determine the association. Results: Participants with periodontitis were more likely to have worse 3000-m running performance classified in the lowest tertile [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 1.94 (1.03, 3.66)]. Participants with any dental caries were more likely to have worse push-ups performance classified in the lowest tertile [OR: 2.50 (1.27, 4.92)]. In linear regression analyses, dental caries numbers were inversely correlated with 2-min push-ups numbers [ß = -1.04 (-2.07, -0.01)]. Conclusion: This study suggests that oral health is crucial to maintain physical fitness, and dental caries and periodontitis may affect differently on aerobic and muscular endurance capacities.

PC-PEP, a Comprehensive Daily Six-Month Home-Based Patient Empowerment Program Leads to Weight Loss in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Clinical Trial.

Background: The Prostate Cancer-Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP) is a six-month daily home-based program shown to improve mental health and urinary function. This secondary analysis explores weight loss in male PC-PEP participants. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial with 128 men undergoing curative prostate cancer (PC) treatment, 66 received 'early' PC-PEP, while 62 were assigned to the 'late' waitlist-control group, receiving 6 months of standard-of-care treatment followed by 6 months of PC-PEP. PC-PEP comprised 182 daily emails with video-based exercise and dietary (predominantly plant-based) education, live online events, and 30 min strength training routines (using body weight and elastic bands). Weight and height data were collected via online surveys (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months) including medical chart reviews. Adherence was tracked weekly. Results: No attrition or adverse events were reported. At 6 months, the early PC-PEP group experienced significant weight loss, averaging 2.7 kg (p < 0.001) compared to the waitlist-control group. Weight loss was noted in the late intervention group of PC-PEP, albeit less pronounced than in the early group. Early PC-PEP surgery patients lost on average 1.4 kg (SE = 0.65) from the trial's start to surgery day. High adherence to exercise and dietary recommendations was noted. Conclusions: PC-PEP led to significant weight loss in men undergoing curative prostate cancer treatment compared to standard-of-care.

Impact of exercise training and diet therapy on the physical fitness, quality of life, and immune response of people living with HIV/AIDS: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Exercise and dietary nutrition are considered crucial in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment protocols and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) rehabilitation care. However, there is no well-studied research evaluating the effects of combined interventions on the fitness and immune systems of PLWHA. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of exercise and dietary intervention on physical fitness, quality of life and immune response in PLWHA. METHODS: This was an experimental study, with a sample of 25 male PLWHA divided into two groups: the intervention group (IG: 12 participants) and the control group (CG: 13 participants). All participants have not had any exercise habits and nutritional supplements in the past six months. The participants in the IG completed 45 min of exercise (60-80% HRmax) 4 times per week for 4 weeks. The exercise was in the form of brisk walking or running. They were also given a nutritional dietary supplement 3 times a day for 4 weeks. The 13 individuals in the CG continued their normal daily life (physical activity and diet). The following parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention: body composition, physical fitness, immune response, quality of life (QoL), stress, dietary behavior, dietary habits, exercise motivation, and physical self-efficacy. RESULTS: The significant changes were observed in burnout of stress variables and physical efficiency index (PEI) of physical fitness in the IG (p =.023). Moreover, in the saliva samples, sal-T levels significantly increased only after the intervention in the IG (p =.012). Additionally, regarding the analysis of the interaction (group × time), there was a significant improvement in the reaction speed (p =.001) and grip strength (left: p =.002, right: p =.030) and a significant difference in physical satisfaction in QoL (p =.001), stress burnout (p =.043), self-confidence in physical efficacy (p =.045), external display (p =.008), and fulfillment (p =.047) in exercise motivation. Moreover, the significant effect of the intervention on emotional eating in dietary behavior was shown in the comparison of the IG before and after intervention (p =.001) and in the comparison of the IG group with the CG after the experiment (p =.013). However, there was no significant effect of time or interaction between the condition and time on body composition. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, exercise training and diet therapy caused changes in physical fitness and Sal-T levels, which had positive effects on the health promotion of PLWHA.

Association of Dietary Fiber and Measures of Physical Fitness with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein.

Dietary fiber intake and physical fitness are independently associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Nevertheless, the association between dietary fiber intake, measures of physical fitness, and hs-CRP levels has not yet been fully evaluated. We investigated the influence of a combination of dietary fiber intake and measures of physical fitness, including hand grip strength, resistance training, and metabolic equivalents of tasks, on hs-CRP levels. Data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) spanning 2015 to 2018 were used in this study. A total of 16,934 participants (7434 men and 9500 women aged ≥19 years) were included in this study. After adjusting for confounding factors (age, education, income, marital status, smoking status, drinking habits, total energy intake, and aerobic physical activity), we employed a multivariable logistic model to examine the association of dietary fiber intake and measures of physical fitness with hs-CRP levels. Among women, the odds of high hs-CRP levels were lower in those with the highest dietary fiber intake and superior grip strength compared to in women with the lowest dietary fiber intake and weaker grip strength (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24-0.68). The highest dietary fiber intake who participated in resistance exercise at least three times per week had a reduced odds of high hs-CRP levels compared with those with the lowest dietary fiber intake who did not engage in resistance exercise in both men and women (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32-0.89; OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.19-0.84, respectively). Our findings indicate that dietary fiber intake and high levels of physical fitness were associated with reduced odds of elevated hs-CRP levels.

Physical fitness in children with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome: associations between cardiovascular parameters, systemic manifestations, fatigue, and pain.

Children with Marfan (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) report limitations in physical activities, sports, school, leisure, and work participation in daily life. This observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study explores associations between physical fitness and cardiovascular parameters, systemic manifestations, fatigue, and pain in children with MFS and LDS. Forty-two participants, aged 6-18 years (mean (SD) 11.5(3.7)), diagnosed with MFS (n = 36) or LDS (n = 6), were enrolled. Physical fitness was evaluated using the Fitkids Treadmill Test's time to exhaustion (TTE) outcome measure. Cardiovascular parameters (e.g., echocardiographic parameters, aortic surgery, cardiovascular medication) and systemic manifestations (systemic score of the revised Ghent criteria) were collected. Pain was obtained by visual analog scale. Fatigue was evaluated by PROMIS® Fatigue-10a-Pediatric-v2.0-short-form and PROMIS® Fatigue-10a-Parent-Proxy-v2.0-short-form. Multivariate linear regression analyses explored associations between physical fitness (dependent variable) and independent variables that emerged from the univariate linear regression analyses (criterion p < .05). The total group (MFS and LDS) and the MFS subgroup scored below norms on physical fitness TTE Z-score (mean (SD) -3.1 (2.9); -3.0 (3.0), respectively). Univariate analyses showed associations between TTE Z-score aortic surgery, fatigue, and pain (criterion p < .05). Multivariate analyses showed an association between physical fitness and pediatric self-reported fatigue that explained 48%; 49%, respectively, of TTE Z-score variance (F (1,18) = 18.6, p ≤ .001, r2 = .48; F (1,15) = 16,3, p = .01, r2 = .49, respectively).    Conclusions: Physical fitness is low in children with MFS or LDS and associated with self-reported fatigue. Our findings emphasize the potential of standardized and tailored exercise programs to improve physical fitness and reduce fatigue, ultimately enhancing the physical activity and sports, school, leisure, and work participation of children with MFS and LDS. What is Known: • Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome are heritable connective tissue disorders and share cardiovascular and systemic manifestations. • Children with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome report increased levels of disability, fatigue and pain, as well as reduced levels of physical activity, overall health and health-related quality of life. What is New: • Physical fitness is low in children with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome and associated with self-reported fatigue. • Our findings emphasize the potential of standardized and tailored exercise programs to improve physical fitness and reduce fatigue, ultimately enhancing the physical activity and sports, school, leisure, and work participation of children with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome.

Preparing for and Not Waiting for Surgery.

Cancer surgery is an essential treatment strategy but can disrupt patients' physical and psychological health. With worldwide demand for surgery expected to increase, this review aims to raise awareness of this global public health concern, present a stepwise framework for preoperative risk evaluation, and propose the adoption of personalised prehabilitation to mitigate risk. Perioperative medicine is a growing speciality that aims to improve clinical outcome by preparing patients for the stress associated with surgery. Preparation should begin at contemplation of surgery, with universal screening for established risk factors, physical fitness, nutritional status, psychological health, and, where applicable, frailty and cognitive function. Patients at risk should undergo a formal assessment with a qualified healthcare professional which informs meaningful shared decision-making discussion and personalised prehabilitation prescription incorporating, where indicated, exercise, nutrition, psychological support, 'surgery schools', and referral to existing local services. The foundational principles of prehabilitation can be adapted to local context, culture, and population. Clinical services should be co-designed with all stakeholders, including patient representatives, and require careful mapping of patient pathways and use of multi-disciplinary professional input. Future research should optimise prehabilitation interventions, adopting standardised outcome measures and robust health economic evaluation.

Physical Fitness Parameters of Elite Chinese Wheelchair Curlers / Parámetros de Aptitud Física de Curlers en Silla de Ruedas Chinos de Élite

SUMMARY: Few international studies have analyzed the characteristics of elite wheelchair curlers competing on the international stage. This study aims to investigate the physical fitness parameters of elite Chinese wheelchair curlers and explore the corresponding training enlightenment. Sixteen wheelchair curlers from the Chinese national team, including six male and two female Winter Paralympic gold medalists, were selected as research participants. The following parameters were measured: age, training age, height, weight, body fat percentage, grip strength, absolute bench press strength, and 5-km wheelchair push-timing test. Compared with ordinary curlers of the Chinese wheelchair curling team, elite curlers were older in age and training age; male curlers were shorter, whereas female curlers were taller. However, their weight and body fat percentage were lower, and their grip strength, absolute strength in the bench press, and 5-k wheelchair push-timing test were better. From an athlete development and physical training perspective, wheelchair curlers should increase training years in order to accumulate competition experience. Additionally, these athletes should manage their body weight and fat percentage, and improve their upper limb strength and aerobic capacity.

Pocos estudios internacionales han analizado las características de los curlers en silla de ruedas de élite que compiten en el escenario internacional. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar los parámetros de aptitud física de los bigudíes chinos en silla de ruedas de élite y explorar la iluminación del entrenamiento correspondiente. Se seleccionaron como participantes de la investigación dieciséis curlers en silla de ruedas del equipo nacional chino, incluidos seis medallistas de oro masculinos y dos femeninos de los Juegos Paralímpicos de Invierno. Se midieron los siguientes parámetros: edad, edad de entrenamiento, altura, peso, porcentaje de grasa corporal, fuerza de agarre, fuerza absoluta en press de banca y prueba de sincronización de empuje en silla de ruedas de 5 km. En comparación con los curlers ordinarios del equipo chino de curling en silla de ruedas, los curlers de élite eran mayores en edad y tiempo de entrenamiento; Los curlers masculinos eran más bajos, mientras que las mujeres eran más altas. Sin embargo, su peso y porcentaje de grasa corporal fueron menores, y su fuerza de agarre, fuerza absoluta en press de banca y prueba de sincronización de empuje en silla de ruedas de 5-k fueron mejores. Desde la perspectiva del desarrollo del atleta y del entrenamiento físico, los curlers en silla de ruedas deberían aumentar los años de entrenamiento para acumular experiencia en competencia. Además, estos deportistas deben controlar su peso corporal y porcentaje de grasa, y mejorar la fuerza de sus miembros superiores y su capacidad aeróbica.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces tea improves physical fitness of healthy adults.

Roselle calyces (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a plant that contains anthocyanin and flavonoids, which function as exogenous antioxidants for the human body to counteract excess oxidative stress. Roselle has anti-hypertensive, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. The present study evaluated roselle to see whether it affects physical fitness. The components of physical fitness include strength, balance, right and left hand grip, vertical jump and VO2max (maximum oxygen consumption). A total of 30 subjects received 200 ml rosella tea for 30 days every morning and evening. Every week, subjects were assessed for physical fitness. Data analysis used paired t and Wilcoxon test according to the normality test results. The results showed significant improvements in strength (from 24.9 to 27.3 kg; P=0.025), balance (from 23.3 to 42.2 sec; P=0.004), right (from 31.8 to 35.1 kg; P<0.0001) and left hand grip (from 29.8 to 31.6 kg; P=0.020), vertical jump (from 38.6 to 41.1 m/sec; P=0.008) and VO2max (from 31.1 to 34.3 ml/kg/min; P=0.014). This demonstrated that roselle significantly improved six parameters of physical fitness and may be used as a supplement to improve physical fitness without severe side effects.

Effects of low-volume functional and running high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in young adults with overweight/obesity.

Objectives: This study examined and compared the effects of functional and running high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular fitness of young adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: Forty-five participants (22.1 ± 2.1 years, BMI = 25.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2) were assigned to functional HIIT (HIIT-F; n = 15), running HIIT (HIIT-R; n = 15), or non-training control group (CON; n = 15). Participants in HIIT-F and HIIT-R performed functional exercise based-HIIT (four sets of all-out whole-body exercises including jumping jacks, squats, twist jumps and mountain climbers, et al.) and running HIIT (four sets of running on a treadmill) for 12 weeks, respectively. Body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed pre and post intervention. Results: Both HIIT-F and HIIT-R significantly improved the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, with HIIT-F induced greater improvements in lean mass (+1.623 vs. -1.034 kg, p < 0.001), back strength (+6.007 vs. +3.333 kg, p < 0.01), and push-ups (+5.692 vs. 1.923 reps, p < 0.001) than that in HIIT-R. HIIT-R reduced more visceral fat area (VFA) (-11.416 vs. -4.338 cm2, p = 0.052) and induced similar improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, +2.192 vs. +2.885 mL/kg/min, p = 0.792) with HIIT-F. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of HIIT-R or HIIT-F improved physical fitness among young adults with overweight or obesity. Despite the similar impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT-F generates a better positive effect on muscular fitness relative to HIIT-R, which could be partly explained by the greater increase in lean mass after HIIT-F intervention.

Association between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and prostate cancer incidence and mortality in 57 652 Swedish men.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS: In this prospective study, men who completed an occupational health profile assessment including at least two valid submaximal CRF tests, performed on a cycle ergometer, were included in the study. Data on prostate cancer incidence and mortality were derived from national registers. HRs and CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression with inverse probability treatment weights of time-varying covariates. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up time of 6.7 years (SD 4.9), 592 (1%) of the 57 652 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and 46 (0.08%) died with prostate cancer as the primary cause of death. An increase in absolute CRF (as % of L/min) was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer incidence (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99) but not mortality, in the fully adjusted model. When participants were grouped as having increased (+3%), stable (±3%) or decreased (-3%) CRF, those with increased fitness also had a reduced risk of prostate cancer incidence compared with those with decreased fitness (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.86), in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION: In this study of employed Swedish men, change in CRF was inversely associated with risk of prostate cancer incidence, but not mortality. Change in CRF appears to be important for reducing the risk of prostate cancer.

Effects of qigong exercise on physical fitness and patient-reported health outcomes in lung cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a three-month Guolin Qigong (GQ) intervention on physical fitness and patient-reported health outcomes among patients with lung cancer. METHODS: This pilot study was a non-randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants who were over 18 years of age and diagnosed with stage I-IV lung cancer were enrolled in the study and received either the GQ intervention or usual care (UC). Participants in the GQ group performed GQ at least twice a week (one hour per session) for three months. Physical fitness (chair stand, arm curl, sit and reach, back scratch, 8-foot up and go, 6-min walk test) was assessed at baseline, post-intervention, six months, and 12 months. Self-reported quality of life and sleep (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and six months. RESULTS: Forty-nine participants (65% females, 59.1 ± 7.0 years old, ranging from 39 to 71 years old) were enrolled in the study, and 25 participants completed all tests at 12-month follow-up (13 in GQ vs. 12 in UC; 68% females, 59.3 ± 5.5 years old). Compared to the UC group, results for the chair stand and arm curl tests improved significantly in the GQ group from baseline to post-intervention (P = 0.024 and P = 0.041, respectively). Similarly, the 8-foot up and go test improved in the GQ group from baseline to post-intervention and 12 months (P = 0.004 and P = 0.008, respectively) when compared to the UC group. Between-group analyses also revealed a statistically significant improvement in global health status/quality of life from baseline to six months (P = 0.018) and quality of sleep from baseline to post-intervention (P = 0.034) in favor of the GQ group. CONCLUSION: GQ had a beneficial effect on lower and upper body strength, locomotor performance (speed, agility, and balance while moving), quality of sleep, and quality of life among lung cancer survivors, but further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200059145).

Health-related physical fitness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome versus controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction. PURPOSE: (1) To compare HRPF indices, including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, and muscle endurance, between women with and without PCOS (i.e., controls). (2) To explore the impact of moderating factors, i.e., insulin sensitivity, androgen levels, physical activity levels, and body mass index, on these indices. METHODS: Articles comparing HRPF between PCOS and control groups were identified until February 27th, 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted and moderating factors were explored with subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included. Compared to controls, CRF was lower in women with PCOS (n = 15, - 0.70 [- 1.35, - 0.05], P = 0.03, I2 = 95%). Meta-regression analyses demonstrated that fasting insulin (P = 0.004) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P = 0.006) were negatively associated with CRF, while sex-hormone binding globulin levels (P = 0.003) were positively associated. Absolute muscle strength was not different between PCOS and controls (n = 7, 0.17 [- 0.10, 0.45], P = 0.22, I2 = 37%). One study evaluated muscle endurance and reported lower core endurance in PCOS subjects compared to controls. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that PCOS may be associated with impaired CRF. It remains unclear whether muscle strength and endurance differ between women with PCOS and controls. As this data set was limited by a small sample size, potential for bias, and inconsistent findings, additional studies accounting for the heterogeneous presentation of PCOS as well as improved matching between PCOS and controls for characteristics known to affect HRPF would help elucidate the impact of PCOS on indices of HRPF. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020196380.

Correlation Analysis between Hypogonadal Symptoms and Changes in Body Composition and Physical Fitness after Testosterone Treatment in Men with Testosterone Deficiency.

PURPOSE: This study analyzed changes in body composition and physical fitness in men with testosterone deficiency (TD) after testosterone treatment (TT) and examined the correlations of body composition and physical fitness with serum testosterone levels and hypogonadal symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with TD were divided into control (group I, n=23) and experimental (group II, n=47) groups. Patients in the experimental group were administered intramuscular testosterone enanthate (250 mg) for six months. The aging males symptom scale (AMS) score, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), body mass index, waist circumference, and serum laboratory values were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess the patients' body composition. Seven types of basic exercise tests were used to evaluate the patients' physical fitness. RESULTS: After six months, there were no significant differences in group I, while group II had significantly improved IPSS and AMS scores; increased hemoglobin, hematocrit, prostate-specific antigen, and testosterone levels and skeletal muscle mass; and waist circumference, and body fat mass. All elements of the physical fitness test were significantly improved in group II, with the exceptions of flexibility and endurance. Decreased waist circumference was correlated with changes in testosterone levels in group II, and the IPSS, cardiorespiratory fitness, and agility were correlated with improved hypogonadal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: TT improved the hypogonadal and lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with TD and improved body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome parameters. Increased testosterone and improved hypogonadal symptoms were correlated with a decrease in waist circumference and an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and agility. As such, when implementing TT, we should consider whether these areas may be improved, as this can help to predict the effect.

Clustering Health Behaviors in Mexican Adolescents: The HELENA-MEX Study.

Purpose: The prevalence of excess weight within the adolescent population is rapidly increasing in Mexico, especially in areas with lower socioeconomic status. The present study aimed to identify lifestyle clustered patterns in adolescents and analyze the associations among these clusters and body composition. Method: A final sample of n=259 participants (13 to 17 years old, 58.7% girls), residents in rural and urban areas, were included. Hierarchical and k-means clusters analyses included moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), handgrip strength, screen time, sleep time, and diet. The associations between cluster membership and body composition were analyzed through general linear models (ANCOVA), including sex, age, place of residence, and socioeconomic status as covariates. Results: Three different clusters were identified: Cluster 1, [Unhealthy] (low values in all lifestyle patterns), Cluster 2, [Low Physical Fitness] (low values in CRF and handgrip strength) and Cluster 3, [High Physical Activity and CRF] (highest values in CRF, handgrip strength and MVPA). Clusters 2 and 3 showed high values in screen time and industrialized food consumption. There were no differences in sleep between the 3 Clusters. ANCOVA analysis revealed that participants belonging to Cluster 3 showed significantly lower adiposity and a higher Fat Free Mass compared with the other two clusters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a lifestyle characterized by high levels of physical activity and physical fitness and low consumption of industrialized food may be protective against the problem of obesity, which could be helpful to develop interventions to reduce excess weight in Mexican adolescents.

High-intensity interval training in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review / Entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad en personas con lesiones medulares: una revisión sistemática / Treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade em pessoas com lesão da medula espinhal: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness to compile the most used HIIT training types in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: This is a systematic review of searches performed in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Studies included I) needed to apply HIIT training II) adults with SCI to analyze III) cardiometabolic aspects and cardiorespiratory fitness. Two independent reviewers selected the articles for inclusion, extracted their data, and assessed their methodological quality. Results: 654 studies were found. Thus, 12 studies, 11 pre- and post-intervention, and one control group (CG) with 106 participants were analyzed. Pre- and post-HIITT intervention results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic aspects (VO2peak, LDH, HDL, insulin resistance). In addition, GC results revealed significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness observed in the intervention group (HIIT) compared to the moderate-low intensity (GC) group. Seven studies used the arm ergometer as the primary exercise modality. Two studies described functional electrical stimulation (FES) performed with the arm ergometer plus electrical stimulation in the lower limbs. None reported heart rate dynamics during the study period. Conclusion: High-intensity interval training improves physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in adults with SCI. Evidence level II; Systematic Review of level II studies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) sobre los parámetros cardiometabólicos, fitness cardiorrespiratorio y recopilar los tipos de HIIT más utilizados en el entrenamiento en adultos con lesión medular (LME). Métodos: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, para lo cual se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas PubMed/Medline, Science Direct y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios que I) necesitaban aplicar entrenamiento HIIT en II) adultos con SCI y analizar III) aspectos cardiometabólicos y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Dos revisores independientes seleccionaron los artículos para su inclusión, extrajeron sus datos y evaluaron su calidad metodológica. Resultados: De los 654 estudios encontrados, se analizaron 12 estudios, 11 pre y post intervención y 1 grupo control (GC) con un total de 106 participantes. Los resultados previos y posteriores a la intervención HIIT revelaron una mejora significativa en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y los aspectos cardiometabólicos (VO2pico, LDH, HDL, resistencia a la insulina). Los resultados de GC revelaron una mejora significativa en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria observada del grupo de intervención (HIIT) en comparación con el grupo de intensidad moderada-baja (GC). Siete estudios utilizaron el ergómetro de brazo como la modalidad principal de ejercicio. Dos estudios describieron la estimulación eléctrica funcional (EEF) realizada con el ergómetro de brazo más la estimulación eléctrica en los miembros inferiores. Ninguno informó la dinámica de la frecuencia cardíaca durante el período de estudio. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento intervalos de alta intensidad mejora la condición física y la salud cardiometabólica en adultos con LME. Evidencia de nivel II; Revisión sistemática de estudios de nivel II.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) nos parâmetros cardiometabólicos, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e compilar os tipos de HIIT mais utilizados no treinamento em adultos com lesão da medula espinhal (LME). Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática, para a qual foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed / Medline, Science Direct e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos em que I) o treinamento HIIT era aplicado em II) adultos com LME e analisaram III) os aspectos cardiometabólicos e aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Dois revisores independentes selecionaram os artigos para a inclusão, extraindo seus dados e avaliarando a sua qualidade metodológica. Resultados: 654 estudos foram encontrados. Desses, 12 estudos, 11 pré e pós intervenção e 1 grupo controle (GC) com um total de 106 participantes foram analisados. Resultados pré e pós intervenção de HIIT revelaram significante melhora na aptidão cardiorrespiratória e aspectos cardiometabólicos (VO2pico, LDH, HDL, resistência à insulina). Resultados do GC revelaram uma significativa melhoria na aptidão cardiorrespiratória observada no grupo de intervenção (HIIT) em relação ao grupo de intensidade moderada-baixa (GC). Sete estudos usaram o ergômetro de braço como modalidade de exercício primária. Dois estudos descreveram a estimulação elétrica funcional (EEF) realizada com o ergômetro de braço adicionando estimulação elétrica nos membros inferiores. Nenhum relatou a dinâmica da frequência cardíaca durante o período do estudo. Conclusão: O treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade melhora a aptidão física e a saúde cardiometabólica em adultos com LME. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemática de Estudos de Nível II.

Gold score athletics: talent detection model for track and field / Gold score athletics: modelo de detección de talentos para el atletismo / Gold score athletics: modelo de detecção de talentos para o atletismo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Talent detection is a dynamic and multifactorial process that must start at school. Objective: Create a mathematical model for evaluating the sporting potential of schoolchildren for athletics in speed, throwing, and endurance events and to test its psychometric properties. Methods: 2871 schoolchildren of both sexes, from 11 to 17 years old, from a military school participated. Between 2015 and 2019, students were submitted to a multidimensional battery of tests containing anthropometric, physical-motor, psychological, socio-environmental, maturational, and performance indicators. In addition, ten teachers evaluated the students regarding the intangibles aspects of their sporting potential and the expectation of future success during this period. Adopting analytical and heuristic procedures, the Gold Score Athletics was created - linear, hybrid (tests + coaches´ eye), and weighted index, according to each indicator's importance, depending on the event type. Results: In the model validation sample (n = 1384), 13.9%, 16.6%, and 11.7% of boys and 10.9%, 10.1%, and 9.1% of girls were classified as high potential (Gold Score ≥ 60) for speed, throwing and endurance events, respectively. Internal consistency (r = 0.76 to 0.82) and diagnostic stability were high (r = 0.72 to 0.81). The Gold Score Athletics for sprinters, throwers, and long-distance runners, both for boys and girls, was higher in students selected for a national competition when compared to those not selected (p < 0.001; d: 0.95 a 1.44) - construct validity - and higher in medalists in an athletics competition, held two years after diagnosis, when compared to non-medalists (p < 0.05; d: 0.62 a 1.87) - predictive validity. Conclusion: The Gold Score Athletics is a valid and reliable scientific model for evaluating the sport's potential of schoolchildren, being useful in the talents detection for Athletics. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic study.

RESUMEN Introducción: La detección de talentos es un proceso dinámico y multifactorial que debe iniciarse en la escuela. Objetivo: Crear un modelo matemático para evaluar el potencial deportivo de escolares para pruebas de velocidad, lanzamiento y resistencia en atletismo, y probar sus propiedades psicométricas. Métodos: Participaron 2871 escolares de ambos sexos de 11 a 17 años de una escuela militar. Los estudiantes fueron sometidos a una batería de pruebas multidimensionales, que contenían indicadores antropométricos, físico-motores, psicológicos, socioambientales, madurativos y de desempeño. 10 docentes evaluaron a los alumnos sobre los aspectos intangibles del potencial deportivo y la expectativa de éxito futuro. Adoptando procedimientos analíticos y heurísticos, se creó el Gold Score Athletics, índice lineal, híbrido (pruebas + mirada del profesor) y ponderado, según la importancia de cada indicador según el tipo de prueba. Resultados: En la muestra de validación del modelo (n = 1384), el 13,9%, 16,6% y 11,7% de los niños y el 10,9%, 10,1% y 9,1% de las niñas fueron clasificados como de alto potencial (Gold Score ≥ 60) en velocidad, lanzamiento y eventos de resistencia. La consistencia interna (r = 0,76 a 0,82) y la estabilidad diagnóstica fueron altas (r = 0,72 a 0,81). El Gold Score Athletics para velocistas, lanzadores y corredores de fondo, para ambos sexos, fue mayor en los estudiantes seleccionados para una competición nacional en comparación con los no seleccionados (p < 0.001; d: 0,95 a 1,44) - validez del constructo - y mayor en medallistas en una competición de atletismo, realizada dos años después del diagnóstico, en comparación con los no medallistas (p < 0,05; d: 0,62 a 1,87) - validez predictiva. Conclusión: El Gold Score Athletics es un modelo científico válido y fiable para evaluar el potencial deportivo de los escolares, siendo útil en la detección de talentos para el Atletismo. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio diagnóstico.

RESUMO Introdução: A detecção de talentos é um processo dinâmico e multifatorial que deve começar pela escola. Objetivo: Criar um modelo matemático de avaliação do potencial esportivo de escolares para as provas de velocidade, lançamentos e resistência no atletismo, e testar as suas propriedades psicométricas. Métodos: Participaram 2871 escolares de ambos os sexos de 11 a 17 anos de um colégio militar. Os alunos foram submetidos a uma bateria de testes multidimensionais, contendo indicadores antropométricos, físico-motores, psicológicos, socioambientais, maturacionais e de desempenho. 10 professores avaliaram os alunos quanto aos aspectos intangíveis do potencial esportivo e a expectativa de sucesso futuro. Adotando procedimentos analíticos e heurísticos, criou-se o Gold Score Athletics - índice linear, híbrido (testes + olho do treinador) e ponderado, de acordo com a importância de cada indicador em função do tipo de prova. Resultados: Na amostra de validação do modelo (n = 1384), 13,9%, 16,6% e 11,7% dos meninos e 10,9%, 10,1% e 9,1% das meninas foram classificados como elevado potencial (Gold Score ≥ 60) para provas de velocidade, lançamentos e resistência respectivamente. A consistência interna (r = 0,76 a 0,82) e estabilidade do diagnóstico foram elevadas (r = 0,72 a 0,81). O Gold Score Athletics para velocistas, lançadores e corredores de longa distância, para ambos os sexos, foi maior nos estudantes selecionados para uma competição nacional quando comparados aos não selecionados (p < 0,001; d: 0,95 a 1,44) - validade de construto - e maior nos medalhistas em uma competição de Atletismo, realizada dois anos após o diagnóstico, quando comparados aos não medalhistas (p < 0,05; d: 0,62 a 1,87) - validade preditiva. Conclusão: O Gold Score Athletics é um modelo científico válido e fidedigno de avaliação do potencial esportivo de escolares, sendo útil na detecção de talentos para o Atletismo. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo diagnóstico.

Efetividade de um programa multiprofissional de tratamento da obesidade durante a pandemia de COVID-19: Aplicação do Monitoramento Remoto da Enfermagem

Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade do monitoramento remoto da enfermagem associada a um programa multi-profissional de tratamento de obesidade na melhora dos biomarcadores cardiometabólicos e indicadores da aptidão física relacionada à saúde de adultos com obesidade acompanhados durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo caracterizado como um Ensaio Clínico Pragmático, realizado em um município do Sul do Brasil, com 22 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos, portadores de telefone celular com acesso ao aplicativo WhatsApp® durante 16 semanas. Foram realizadas avaliações pré e pós intervenção por meio de exames labo-ratoriais, capazes de determinar os biomarcadores cardiometabólicos: HDL, triglicerídeos, LDL, colesterol total, glicemia, hemoglobina glicada, insulina, Homa-IR, Homa-β, PCR-us; e de testes capazes de avaliar os níveis da aptidão física relacionada à saúde: composição corporal, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, força muscular e flexibili-dade. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do teste t para amostras pareadas e correlacionados a partir do valor de delta absoluto de cada variável por meio da correlação de Pearson. Os resultados foram considerados significantes quando o valor de p foi < 0,05. Este estudo possui parecer favorável do Comitê Nacional de Ética em Pesquisas. Resultados: Foram observadas melhoras significativas nos níveis de glicemia, insulina, Homa-IR e HDL, bem como nos indicadores de aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular. Conclusão: O monitoramento remoto da enfermagem associado a um programa multiprofissional de tratamento de obesidade é uma inter-venção efetiva na melhoria dos biomarcadores cardiometabólicos e dos indicadores da AFRS.

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del monitoreo remoto de enfermería, en asociación con un programa multiprofesional de tratamiento de la obesidad, para mejorar los biomarcadores cardiometabólicos y los indicadores de aptitud física relacionados con la salud en adultos obesos durante la pandemia de COVID-19.Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un Ensayo Clínico Pragmático en un municipio del sur de Brasil, con la participación de 22 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 50 años, que contaban con teléfonos móviles con acceso a la aplicación WhatsApp® durante un período de 16 semanas. Se realizaron evaluaciones pre y postintervención mediante exámenes de laboratorio, que permitieron determinar los biomarcadores cardiometabólicos: HDL, triglicéridos, LDL, colesterol total, glucemia, hemoglobina glucosilada, insulinemia, Homa-IR, Homa-β, hs-CRP; y pruebas para evaluar los niveles de aptitud física relacionados con la salud: composición corporal, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, fuerza muscular y flexibilidad. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron utilizando la prueba t para muestras pareadas y se correlacionaron mediante la correlación de Pearson, a partir del valor delta absoluto de cada variable. Se consideraron resultados significativos cuando el valor de p fue < 0,05. Este estudio recibió la aprobación del Comité Nacional de Ética en Investigación.Resultados: Se observaron mejoras significativas en los niveles de glucosa en sangre, insulina, Homa-IR y HDL, así como en los indicadores de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y fuerza muscular.Conclusión: El monitoreo remoto de enfermería, en asociación con un programa multidisciplinario de tratamiento de la obesidad, resulta en una intervención eficaz para mejorar los biomarcadores cardiometabólicos y los indicadores de aptitud física relacionados con la salud.

Objective: To verify the effectiveness of remote nursing monitoring associated with a multi-professional obesity treatment program to improve cardiometabolic biomarkers and health-related physical fitness indicators in obese adults followed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was characterized as a Pragmatic Clinical Trial, carried out in a municipality in the south of Brazil. It involved 22 women aged between 18 and 50 years, who had cell phones with access to the WhatsApp® application for 16 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were carried out through laboratory tests capable of determining cardiometabolic biomarkers: HDL, triglycerides, LDL, total cholesterol, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, insulinemia, Homa-IR, Homa-β, hs-CRP. As well as tests capable of assessing the levels of physical fitness related to health: body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and flexibility. The data obtained were analyzed using the t-test for paired samples and correlated from the absolute delta value of each variable using Pearson's correlation. Results were considered significant when the p value was <0.05. This study received a favorable opinion from the National Research Ethics Committee. Results: The study observed significant improvements in blood glucose, insulin, Homa-IR and HDL levels, as well as in indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Conclusion: Remote nursing monitoring associated with a multidisciplinary obesity treatment program is an effective intervention for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers and AFRS indicators.

Current situation and factors influencing physical fitness among adolescents aged 12 ∼ 15 in Shandong Province, China: A cross-sectional study.

Adolescent physical fitness serves not merely as a current barometer of well-being but as a significant prognosticator of future health trajectories. Amidst the tumult of socioeconomic metamorphoses and pronounced lifestyle transitions enveloping China-mirroring global trends-the imperative to elucidate the present landscape of adolescent physical fitness intensifies. Moreover, discerning the myriad determinants underpinning it becomes paramount. In this context, our research endeavored to meticulously delineate the physical fitness milieu of adolescents residing in Shandong Province, systematically unpacking the multifarious influencers thereof. The insights garnered herein furnish an empirical foundation, primed to guide the sculpting of calibrated interventions, targeting the enhancement of health in this pivotal population cohort. In an extensive evaluative survey conducted in 2023 concerning the physical fitness of Shandong's student populace, a cohort of 33,211 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years was delineated utilizing a stratified random cluster sampling technique. This exercise meticulously quantified the physical fitness indices across diverse gender, age, and household registration classifications, subsequently computing the concomitant qualified rates. Employing multivariable logistic regression analysis, this investigation delved into the determinants modulating the adolescents' physical fitness qualified rate. For 2023, the aggregate fitness qualified rate stood at 91.94 % for the adolescents aged 12 ∼ 15 in Shandong Province. Gender-wise, female adolescents registered a qualified rate of 92.25 %, marginally eclipsing their male peers at 91.63 % (P < 0.05). An age-related trend in qualified rates was discernible, with marked variations across different age bands (P < 0.05): 91.37 % for 12-year-olds, 91.79 % for 13-year-olds, 91.81 % for 14-year-olds, and a zenith of 92.87 % for 15-year-olds. A geographical dichotomy emerged wherein rural adolescents distinctly outperformed their urban counterparts, notching up a 92.28 % qualified rate versus 91.64 % in urban settings (P < 0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, and household registration characteristics, adolescents had a lower odds of failing the physical fitness tests whose parents both liked physical exercises, whose parents supported children's participation in physical exercise, who participated in physical exercise sessions 3 ∼ 5 times per week or more than 5 times per week, who exercised for 0.5 ∼ 1 h each time or more than 1 h each time, who engaged in moderate intensity physical exercise, who slept 6 ∼ 8 h per day or more than 8 h per day, who consumed breakfast 3 ∼ 6 times per week or daily. On the other hand, adolescents had a higher odds of failing the physical fitness tests who always exposed to passive smoking, who spent 1 ∼ 3 h on screen per day or more than 3 h on screen per day, who spent more than 3 h doing homework per day, who consumed fast food 2 ∼ 3 times per week or more than 3 times per week. The physical fitness trajectory of adolescents residing within Shandong Province is tethered to a mosaic of determinants. This underscores the imperative for a synergistic strategy, harmonizing parental, scholastic, and societal vectors, to cultivate the salubrious maturation of this pivotal cohort.

Dietary and Physical Exercise Facilitation for Cardiovascular Health in Indian Subcontinent.

The advent of industrialization and outburst of urbanization significantly influences the lifestyle of people. Further, the incidence of noncommunicable diseases, such as chronic lung conditions, cancer, cardiovascular diseases (including conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels), diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, has increased. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in India in 2016 was reported to be 54.5 million. One out of four deaths was associated with cardiovascular diseases. With time, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is exerting more impact on the younger Indian population aged 20-29 years. The foremost risk factors for disability-adjusted life-years include poor dietary habits, tobacco use, and low physical activity. A healthy diet and an optimum physical activity level should be projected as primary interventions for noncommunicable diseases in the Indian subcontinent. Government health organizations and associations should concentrate and prioritize the current situation and scale up cost-effective policies and innovative techniques with interventional research and funding, especially on diet and exercise facilitation, as comprehensive management toward minimizing cardiovascular diseases to safeguard Indian economy's future.

Health-related physical fitness parameters in women with breast cancer-related lymphedema: a case-control study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare health-related physical fitness parameters of women with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) to a matched control group. METHODS: Thirty women with unilateral BCRL (lymphedema group, age = 55.00 (40.00-65.00) years) and 32 healthy women (control group, age = 49.00 (44.00-64.00) years) were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness with the UKK 2-km walk test, grip strength with a hand dynamometer, trunk muscle endurance with the McGill trunk muscle endurance tests, flexibility with the sit and reach test, body composition with a body composition analyzer, and waist-to-hip ratio were assessed. RESULTS: In the lymphedema group, 36.7% of women had mild lymphedema, 36.7% had moderate, and 26.7% had severe lymphedema. It was found that maximal oxygen consumption, physical fitness index, grip strength, trunk extensor and lateral flexor muscle endurance, and flexibility scores were higher in the control group than in the lymphedema group (p < 0.05). In addition, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio were found to be lower in the control group compared to the lymphedema group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the trunk flexor muscle endurance scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the health-related physical fitness parameters were adversely affected in women with BCRL compared to healthy women. The changes of physical fitness may be important for the assessment and the treatment of BCRL.